Decalcification and White Spot Lesions

Decalcification, or the appearance of white spot lesions, occurs as a result of demineralisation and can be a sign of oncoming carious lesions or early tooth decay.  Demineralisation is the process through which minerals such as phosphorus and calcium are lost from the tooth structure due to acidic activity. This acidic activity is generally the result of bacterial action, but it can also result from the consumption of highly acidic foods or, in some cases, bulimia.

The multiplication and adhesion process of bacteria begins within seconds of brushing, and plaque formation begins. The bacteria in plaque can replicate in an oxygenated environment. Without proper oral hygiene care, the bacterial plaque thickens and inhibits saliva penetration, thus causing the calcium and ions of the portion of the tooth in contact to diffuse into the plaque,  forming tartar. As a result, white spots begin to appear.